163 lines
3.6 KiB
Markdown
163 lines
3.6 KiB
Markdown
# Phrasebank Playbook
|
|
|
|
Use this file after the main argument and section role are already clear. It is a phrasebank layer derived from `Academic Phrasebank`, not a substitute for deciding what the paragraph is trying to do.
|
|
|
|
## Evidence strength
|
|
|
|
Choose verbs that match the evidence.
|
|
|
|
### Strong
|
|
|
|
- `show`
|
|
- `demonstrate`
|
|
- `establish`
|
|
- `reveal`
|
|
- `identify`
|
|
|
|
Use only when the design and data justify a strong claim.
|
|
|
|
### Moderate
|
|
|
|
- `suggest`
|
|
- `indicate`
|
|
- `support the view that`
|
|
- `are consistent with`
|
|
- `point to`
|
|
|
|
Use when the interpretation is plausible but not definitive.
|
|
|
|
### Speculative
|
|
|
|
- `may reflect`
|
|
- `could arise from`
|
|
- `appears to`
|
|
- `seems likely`
|
|
- `might be explained by`
|
|
|
|
Use when moving beyond direct observation.
|
|
|
|
## Evidence collocations
|
|
|
|
Adjectives for evidence:
|
|
|
|
- weak: `limited`, `scant`, `insufficient`
|
|
- developing: `growing`, `emerging`, `accumulating`
|
|
- strong: `robust`, `reliable`, `convincing`, `considerable`
|
|
|
|
Useful patterns:
|
|
|
|
- `The evidence presented here suggests that ...`
|
|
- `The available evidence supports the view that ...`
|
|
- `Current evidence raises important questions about ...`
|
|
- `The data point to a need for ...`
|
|
|
|
## Transition families
|
|
|
|
### Contrast
|
|
|
|
- `however`
|
|
- `by contrast`
|
|
- `nevertheless`
|
|
- `despite this`
|
|
- `whereas`
|
|
|
|
### Addition
|
|
|
|
- `furthermore`
|
|
- `in addition`
|
|
- `moreover`
|
|
- `also`
|
|
|
|
### Consequence
|
|
|
|
- `therefore`
|
|
- `thus`
|
|
- `consequently`
|
|
- `as a result`
|
|
- `thereby`
|
|
|
|
### Qualification
|
|
|
|
- `notably`
|
|
- `importantly`
|
|
- `approximately`
|
|
- `in part`
|
|
- `at least in this cohort`
|
|
|
|
Prefer the smallest connective that does the job. Do not decorate every sentence with a transition word.
|
|
|
|
## Paragraph linking without sounding repetitive
|
|
|
|
Prefer these patterns over repeated `This suggests`:
|
|
|
|
- restate the noun: `Such heterogeneity ...`
|
|
- definite noun phrase: `The resulting gradient ...`
|
|
- participial summary: `Taken together, ...`
|
|
- zero-connective progression when the logic is already obvious
|
|
|
|
Limit demonstrative-led openings. One per paragraph is usually enough.
|
|
|
|
## Gap language
|
|
|
|
Use gap statements that are precise rather than dramatic:
|
|
|
|
- `remains poorly understood`
|
|
- `has not been examined in ...`
|
|
- `has received limited attention`
|
|
- `few studies have addressed ...`
|
|
- `evidence remains sparse for ...`
|
|
|
|
Avoid:
|
|
|
|
- `no one has ever studied`
|
|
- `completely unknown`
|
|
- `ignored by all previous work`
|
|
|
|
## Comparison with prior work
|
|
|
|
To align with earlier work:
|
|
|
|
- `These results are consistent with ...`
|
|
- `This finding accords with ...`
|
|
- `Our observations broadly support ...`
|
|
|
|
To mark divergence fairly:
|
|
|
|
- `In contrast to earlier reports, ...`
|
|
- `This finding differs from ...`
|
|
- `One possible reason for this discrepancy is ...`
|
|
|
|
## Limitation language
|
|
|
|
Useful patterns:
|
|
|
|
- `These findings should be interpreted with caution because ...`
|
|
- `A limitation of this study is that ...`
|
|
- `The generalisability of these results is limited by ...`
|
|
- `We cannot exclude the possibility that ...`
|
|
- `Another source of uncertainty is ...`
|
|
|
|
Pair limitation language with the actual source of uncertainty, not with vague modesty.
|
|
|
|
## Implication language
|
|
|
|
Useful patterns:
|
|
|
|
- `An implication of this is that ...`
|
|
- `These findings may help to explain ...`
|
|
- `These data support further investigation of ...`
|
|
- `This work has implications for ...`
|
|
|
|
Implications should stay within the evidence boundary.
|
|
|
|
## Future-work language
|
|
|
|
Useful patterns:
|
|
|
|
- `Further work is needed to determine whether ...`
|
|
- `Future studies should examine ...`
|
|
- `A useful next step would be to ...`
|
|
- `Larger studies are required to validate ...`
|
|
|
|
Future work should emerge from an actual limitation, uncertainty, or opportunity.
|